Social media has become part and partial of our lives globally, especially the youth commonly known as Generation Z (Gen Z). The Gen Z’s are those that were born between the mid-1990s and early 2010s, and have grown up in a digital era where platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, TikTok, snapchat etc play a significant role in daily communication, socialisation, and information dissemination.
Uganda has approximately 11.77 million social media users, representing about 24.6 per cent of the population. Among these users, a significant proportion is comprised of young people, who are the most active on these platforms. The Uganda Communications Commission (UCC) reports that over 70 per cent of internet users in the country are aged between 15 and 35, highlighting the prominence of young people in the digital landscape. The widespread availability of smartphones and affordable internet data packages has facilitated this high engagement rate among the youth.
Social media offers several benefits, and these include enabling connectivity and socialisation, thereby allowing young people to stay connected with friends and family, hence fostering social bonds and networks. This connectivity is important, especially in Uganda, which has a significant rural population, where physical distances can hinder face-to-face interactions.
Further, platforms like YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter provide access to a wealth of information and educational content. Many youths use these resources for academic purposes, skill development, and staying informed about global events. Social media has also opened up avenues for entrepreneurial activities. Many young Ugandans leverage platforms like Instagram and Facebook to market their businesses, sell products, and reach a broader audience. This digital entrepreneurship has the potential to contribute to economic growth and reduce unemployment rates among the youth.
More so, social media serves as a powerful tool for advocacy and mobilisation. Ugandans are utilising these platforms to raise awareness about social issues, engage in political discourse, and participate in movements. Despite the benefits, there are significant concerns regarding the impact of social media on the wellbeing, and particularly the health of the youth.
Excessive use of social media has been linked to mental health problems, such as anxiety, depression, and loneliness. The constant exposure to idealised images and lifestyles can lead to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem among young users. A study by the Uganda Youth Development Link (UYDEL) found that 40 percent of Ugandan youth reported experiencing anxiety and stress related to social media use.
The anonymity of social media platforms can facilitate cyberbullying and online harassment. Many youths have been victims of such behaviours, which have severe psychological effects like depression and suicidal thoughts. According to the Ministry of Health reports, the addictive nature of social media can lead to prolonged screen time, particularly at night, disrupting sleep patterns. Poor sleep quality is associated with a range of health issues, including impaired cognitive function and increased risk of mental health disorders.
Furthermore, inactive behaviour linked to prolonged social media use can contribute to physical health problems such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Lack of physical activity is a growing concern among Ugandan youth, caused by the increased time spent on digital devices.
To mitigate the negative impacts of social media on Uganda’s youth, several measures can be taken. Implementing digital literacy programs in schools can equip young people with the skills to navigate social media responsibly. Education on the potential risks and how to manage online behaviour is crucial. Increasing access to mental health services and creating awareness about the importance of mental wellbeing can help address issues related to social media use. Schools and communities should provide support systems for those affected by cyberbullying and other online threats.
Encouraging parents and guardians to monitor and guide their children’s social media use can help prevent excessive screen time and exposure to harmful content. Parental controls and privacy settings on social media platforms should be utilized effectively.
The Ugandan government needs to enforce regulations to protect young users from harmful online content and activities. This includes stringent measures against cyberbullying, online harassment, and the promotion of mental health resources. Social media platforms should collaborate with local organisations and influencers to promote positive and educational content. Campaigns that encourage healthy lifestyles, mental wellbeing, and constructive social interactions can create a more supportive online environment.
Overall, social media significantly influences the lives of Uganda’s youth, offering both opportunities and challenges. While it facilitates connectivity, access to information, and economic activities, the risks it poses needs to be addressed. Addressing these challenges requires a collaborative effort from the government, educational institutions, parents, and the youth themselves. By promoting responsible use, providing adequate support, and implementing effective regulations, the negative impacts of social media on the wellbeing of Uganda’s youth can be mitigated.